The Importance Of Female Heroism Through The Epic Of Beowulf

Beowulf is known for displaying the importance of male heroism via Beowulf, but what about the significance of the women in the poem? The significance of women in Beowulf is overshadowed by the great heroism of the character Beowulf, but the women each have a reason for participating in the epic. The ideal woman was someone who was a noble, a mistress and loyal. An ideal woman is described in Maxim I: â€Å"at mead drinking she must at all times and places approach the protector of princes first, in front of the companions, quickly pass the first cup to her lord’s hand†. The significance of women in Beuwolf is a minor detail in the epic, but proves to be vital to Beuwolf. The epic of Beowulf illustrates three major roles for the women in†¦show more content†¦According to Michael J. Enright, because of this she is seen as â€Å"an extension of and a support of his kingly power†[3]. Then, she passes it to the rest of the knights, and finally to Beowulf. He promises to get rid of Grendel, and Wealhtheow, pleased with his words, returns to her seat. He is the last man to receive the cup because he is a newcomer, a foreigner that just arrived to Heorot. Because of this, Hrothgar needs to show his power, by receiving the goblet first, in the presence of the stranger Beowulf. This act makes Beowulf aware of who is the master of the place. When Wealhtheow offers the cup to the king first, as usual, and right after that to Beowulf. Since he kept his promise and killed Grendel, he has risen in status now. He has the honour to receive the mead cup right after the king, in representation of his newly earned status. The other hostess-queen is the young and beautiful Hygd, king Hygelac’s wife., she is contrasted in the poem with the legendary queen Modthryth and her innate cruelty and wickedness; because of her gentleness and kindness The importance of order in the distribution of the cup is present again in Hygd’s first appearance (1980-83): â€Å"Hà ¦reth’s daughter moved through the spacious building with mead-cups, cared for the people, carried flagons ofShow MoreRelatedRole Of Women In Beowulf1039 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the novel Beowulf, women can be looked at as unimportant, but from Campbell’s excerpt one can see how the role of women in Beowulf is as essential as the role of men. Throughout the course of Beowulf, many men take part in acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice, but what many do not notice is the roles women have taking part in those same actions. Although women’s acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice in this novel seem to be minor and not as celebrated as the men’s acts, theyRead MoreMlan Vs Mulan790 Words   |  4 PagesUsually, an epic hero consists of being a male (female) of noble birth, courageous, actions determine the fate of a g roup, and some tend to have â€Å"supernatural† powers. There’s an article called â€Å"Beowulf versus Batman† that describes the type of modern culture where an Epic hero is described to be a leader whom has the authority and passion that is more substantial than ours. However, nowadays the modern-day heroes contribute to more than few of these preferences. In addition, we all have witnessedRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named Grendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this ti me that put any focusRead MoreBeowulf And The Germanic Heroic Code Of Values, Traditions, And Customs1522 Words   |  7 Pagesreflects upon daily life and society during the time that the story was composed. Beowulf, an epic poem, is one of the most important and only works of Anglo-Saxon literature. Much like a fable, the epic poem of Beowulf had lessons that taught the people within this society how to behave. This essay will outline how the importance of Christianity and the Germanic Heroic Code in Beowulf are revealed throughout the epic poem as important aspects of the Anglo-Saxon culture as a whole. The Germanic warriorRead MoreEssay about Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf1585 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulfs importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the meadhall. Wealhtheow

The Anti Heroes Of Truman Capote s Cold Blood Are Perry...

There are many novels wherein the main character in an anti-hero. Anti-heroes are the twisted versions of wholesome protagonists; protagonists have pure ideals and motives, while an anti-hero’s end motives usually justify the morally grey means that he or she achieved them by. The readers of such novels usually root for the seemingly villainous protagonist, this â€Å"anti-hero†. The anti-heros in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood are Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. These two men are reported to be cold blooded killers in this nonfiction novel, and yet many readers root for these anti-heroes, thanks to Capote’s retelling of events. Truman Capote attempts to humanizes these killers by sharing their pasts with the reader, which trigger sympathy or hatred, depending on how Capote portrays them In order to humanize the killers, Capote gives background stories on their lives, which trigger sympathy in Perry’s case. Perry first reads a letter from his father to the Kansas State Parole Board, written the first time Perry was held in Lansing, for larceny, theft, and jailbreak. Perry’s father writes about how Perry’s mother fell to drinking and split the family, and how Perry had to live moving from city to city, hunting and trapping. Perry’s father Tex John Smith writes â€Å"How well I know that Perry is goodhearted if you treat him rite. Treat him mean and you got a buzz saw to fight†¦ He knows life is to short to sweet to spend behind bars ever again† (Capote 130). This letter humanizes

Challenges in Cyber Security for Business - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChallenges in Cyber Security for Business for Mechanisms. Answer: Introduction Cybersecurity is a term that includes the mechanisms that are adopted to prevent the computer systems and computer networks from the cyber attacks. In the present times, there are many concerns to security that have been recorded and observed. Also, there are various challenges that have been observed in the areas of implementation of the security protocols along with the maintenance of the same. A research proposal on the project to overcome these security challenges has been included in the document. Project Objectives Identification of the major cyber-attacks and challenges to cyber security Assessment of the cyber-attacks and security issues with the aid of three case studies Development and understanding of the solutions and measures that may be taken to prevent the attacks Project Scope Finalization of the topic of research Completion of the literature review on the topic Research proposal on the topic as Challenges in Cyber Security for Business Submission of the reflective journal on the research process Literature Review The challenges and security issues in association with cyber security are abundant. Lancope, an organization that has been taken over by Cisco works in the area of cyber security solutions and countermeasures. There are certain common issues and threats that the organization has developed the countermeasures for. However, with each passing day, the form of these attacks keeps on changing. Some of the advanced forms of the attacks such as Advanced Persistent Threats and many more are carried out by the attackers. The real-time attacks and threats are difficult to control and prevent. There are analytics, Business Intelligence and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) tools that are being used by Lancope for threat identification and prevention. There are still implementation issues that have been observed in case of Lancope in terms of the speed of the flow sensors and the enhanced complexity as well (Rohde-Schwarz, 2016). The issues and problems associated with cyber security have been analyzed and identified in the hospitality industry as well. There were five hotels in Reno, Nevada that were scrutinized on the basis of the practices that they have adapted to deal with cyber-attacks. There were various gaps that were found in terms of the security practices and protocols that were implemented. The members of staff were not aware about the possible risks and attacks and there were various cases of information breaches and leakage that were observed. The use of cyber systems and platforms is abundant in the hospitality industry and such loopholes in security provide an invitation to the attackers to easily fulfill their malevolent motives. The administrative control and the monitoring process were also not up to the mark (Shabani, 2016). Because of these issues, there is a poor impact on the customers and clients that are engaged with the hotels. The third case study involved the analysis of security framework for Ontario Local Distribution Company (LDCO). It is a company that works in the field of electricity and provides associated services to the users and clients. LDCO is a technically advanced firm that involves latest technologies such as smart connections and Internet of Things. Asset management and vulnerability management are some of the major issues that have been observed in LDCO. Also, there is a lack of monitoring of the security schemes and protocols that lead to the presence of a lot many weaknesses (Herzog, 2011). In the literature review that was carried out, the primary issues that were observed were in the form of lack of awareness and control, inability to manage the assets and the use of obsolete technologies. It is because of these reasons that the attackers find it easy to target the desired system and impact the security of the same in a negative manner. There were also issues that were observed in terms of the management of the changes along with the problems with the implementation of the security strategies and protocols (Sharma, 2012). Research Questions Primary Question What are the possible measures that may be implemented to prevent, detect and control the cyber security challenges and issues? Secondary Questions What architectural and infrastructural changes are required to deal with the cyber-security challenges? What are the latest technical tools and systems that have been developed to avoid the cyber-attacks? What are the major gaps in terms of the employees and users that enhance the likelihood of these attacks? Research Design and Methodology The research on the topic as Challenges in Cyber Security for Business will be carried out using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative Research This is the research methodology in which will include the first step as the preparation of the research. A research topic is finalized followed by listing down of the research questions as included in the section above in the form of primary and secondary questions. A literature review is carried out as the next step which has been done by including review of three case studies to understand the security challenges and issues. It is also important to understand and analyze if the research questions can be answered using qualitative method of research. In this case, it is possible to answer most of the research question using this methodology. Sampling and determination of the sample size is the next step. In case of the qualitative research, the sample sizes are kept relatively small. There are research methodologies such as case study research, action research and grounded theory that will be applied on the samples (Farber, 2006). There will be various data collection processes that will be used in this case such as conduction of surveys, analysis of the organizational documents and case studies, interview sessions and direct observation. These processes will bring forward the cyber security risks specific to the risk categories and will also highlight the associated impact and likelihood. The data will then be analyzed using data analytics tools and techniques such as coding, descriptive analysis and narrative analysis. The results will then be documented. Quantitative Research This is the research method which is based upon the numerical data or may be used to transform the information in the form of usable statistics. The sample sizes in this method of research are normally larger and quantification of the opinions, variables and behaviors are done. Measurable data is collected in this case for fact-finding and uncovering the patterns that are involved. Research process includes the preparation of the research along with conduction of the literature review (Fischler, 2010). Large sample sizes are then used to carry out the research by using data collection methods for collection of measurable data. The data is then collected and analyzed using the research instruments to come up to the results. Research Limitations There are scenarios wherein the organizations that have become victim of the cyber-attacks in the past, do not share the information and provide the data to carry out the research. It is because of the reason that the information that is impacted and the damage that is caused remain private to certain internal members of the organization (Reddy, 2014). There are also newer forms of cyber-security challenges that are being created and executed every day which makes it difficult to cover and analyze all the issues in complete detail. Time Schedule Research Plan Task Name Duration Start Finish Challenges in Cyber Security for Business 61 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 10/17/17 Research Initiation 6 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 8/1/17 Selection of the research topic 1 day Tue 7/25/17 Tue 7/25/17 Feasibility Analysis 2 days Wed 7/26/17 Thu 7/27/17 Determination of the results 1 day Fri 7/28/17 Fri 7/28/17 Presentation of the topic 1 day Mon 7/31/17 Mon 7/31/17 Submission of the topic 1 day Tue 8/1/17 Tue 8/1/17 Milestone One: Research Topic 0 days Tue 8/1/17 Tue 8/1/17 Research Planning 5 days Wed 8/2/17 Tue 8/8/17 Research scope and objectives 2 days Wed 8/2/17 Thu 8/3/17 Research Questions to be Answered 1 day Fri 8/4/17 Fri 8/4/17 Determination of the Research Methodology 1 day Mon 8/7/17 Mon 8/7/17 Research Plan 1 day Tue 8/8/17 Tue 8/8/17 Milestone Two: Research Plan 0 days Tue 8/8/17 Tue 8/8/17 Research Execution 41 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 9/19/17 Literature Review 6 days Wed 8/9/17 Wed 8/16/17 Research Proposal 10 days Thu 8/17/17 Wed 8/30/17 Sampling Methods 7 days Thu 8/31/17 Fri 9/8/17 Identification of Data Sources 3 days Tue 7/25/17 Thu 7/27/17 Data Collection 7 days Mon 9/11/17 Tue 9/19/17 Milestone Three: Literature Review and Research Proposal 0 days Tue 9/19/17 Tue 9/19/17 Data Analysis 16 days Wed 9/20/17 Wed 10/11/17 Analysis of the data collected 12 days Wed 9/20/17 Thu 10/5/17 Compilation of the results 2 days Fri 10/6/17 Mon 10/9/17 Documentation of the results 2 days Tue 10/10/17 Wed 10/11/17 Milestone Four: Data Analysis Results 0 days Wed 10/11/17 Wed 10/11/17 Research Presentation 4 days Thu 10/12/17 Tue 10/17/17 Review of the Research 1 day Thu 10/12/17 Thu 10/12/17 Incorporation of Changes 2 days Fri 10/13/17 Mon 10/16/17 Presentation of the results 1 day Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Final Submission 1 day Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Milestone Five: Completion Report 0 days Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Conclusion Cyber-security has emerged as a prime area of concern for the business units and the users. There is a need to determine the major issues and risks that are associated with cyber security and develop the methods that may be applied in order to deal with these risks. It is also necessary to ensure that the users are made aware about the possible risks and threats so that the issues are prevented and controlled (Babate, 2015). References Babate, A. (2015). State of Cyber Security: Emerging Threats Landscape. [online] Available at: https://www.ijarcst.com/doc/vol3issue1/ver2/alhaji.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Farber, N. (2006). Conducting Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for School Counselors. [online] Available at: https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Data%20Specialist/Farber.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Fischler, A. (2010). Quantitative Research Methods. [online] Available at: https://education.nova.edu/Resources/uploads/app/35/files/arc_doc/quantitative_research_methods.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Herzog, S. (2011). Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(2), pp.49-60. Reddy, G. (2014). A Study of Cyber Security Challenges and Its Emerging Trends on Latest Technologies. [online] Available at: https://iet-journals.org/archive/2014/jan_vol_4_no_1/872825138167247.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Rohde-Schwarz (2016). Lancope accelerates security performance and time-to-market with Dell, RohdeSchwarz Cybersecurity Napatech. [online] Available at: https://cybersecurity.rohde-schwarz.com/sites/default/files/download/casestudy_lancope_misc_en_3607-2390-32_v0201.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Shabani, N. (2016). A Study of Cyber Security in Hospitality Industry - Threats and Countermeasures: Case Study in Reno, Nevada. [online] Available at: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1705/1705.02749.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Sharma, R. (2012). Study of Latest Emerging Trends on Cyber Security and its challenges to Society. [online] Available at: https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Study-of-Latest-Emerging-Trends-on-Cyber-Security-and-its-challenges-to-Society.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017].

Petroleum Contracts and Economics

Question: Discuss about the Petroleum Contracts and Economics. Answer: Ghana is a fastest moving growing economy in Sub-Sahara Africa due to its rising gas and oil industry. The earning from the gas and oil industry depends on the type of fiscal regime government operates. The revenue earned from hydrocarbon exploitation largely depends on the fiscal regime characteristics of a country (Mofep.gov.gh 2016). The fiscal regime of petroleum refers to the contractual framework and fiscal instruments that explains the countrys wealth share obtained from the production of petroleum through a number of instruments, like, profit oil, royalties, bonuses, taxes and government participating interest. According to Elmas and Songur (2016), several factors are considered while designing the fiscal regime, out of which, the key factor is the development of the countrys petroleum industry. The countries with developed oil producers gives higher share to government through the fiscal regime compared to the countries where there are few discoveries and where there are sti ll few investments. Further, fiscal regimes are influenced by geological condition of the area and the contractual policy framework that governs the activities of petroleum industry. As opined by Loloh (2012), the strategies that can be chosen to frame the petroleum production policy framework are first as Go-it-alone strategy where the state itself produce through a national oil company, like in Saudi Arabia. Second, the state gives private ownership and the oil companies have full control over their operations, like in OECD countries.Third, a partnership between the state and private players to undertake production which is generally adopted by non-OECD oil producing countries, for example, Ghana government policy follows this option. The different types of world fiscal arrangements are discussed here. In case of go-it-alone strategy, the state undertakes all the risk of production and exploration. The entire profit is accrued to the state without any requirement of fiscal regime as there are no private companies. According to Mittnik and Semmler (2012), in case of total private control, the risk of production and exploration are bear by them and the state take can be through different mixture of income tax, lease sales and special petroleum tax and royalties through concessionary royalty or tax system. In case of partnership between the state and private players the degree of risk of development, production and exploration are shared by them through a Production Sharing Contract (PSC) or Risk Service Contract (RSC). IN PSC, the ownership is with the State and the private companies are contracted to develop and extract resource in return for a share of production. Each takes the share after meeting the cost. As opined by Owusu and Waylen (2012), in RSC, the private companies are given a fee for the service which can be either in monetary terms or in kinds by the government to undertake the operations of petroleum. The fee can be fixed or linked to the profit. Ghana oil and gas industry follows a partnership between the state and the private players and so the most appropriate type of fiscal regime will be Production Sharing Contract or Risk Service Contract. More appropriate will be PSC that will develop the contractual agreement in the upstream petroleum industry. According to Burger and Marinkov (2012), the Petroleum Exploration and Production Law explain the terms and condition of fiscal regime. The points that should be considered in fiscal regime are given below: The percentage of royalty on the total crude oil production should vary in different blocks and should not be fixed. The interest received by the State on the contract area should be fixed and not to be exceeded beyond 10% as the risk of exploration and production is totally borne by the private companies. If the State desires to earn additional interest then they need to take the responsibility of cost during the production and development stage which varies for different contracts. As per the opinion of Kankam and Ackah (2014), the petroleum income tax should be decided based on the contracts and need to be lower than the corporate profit tax rate. However, by default the Petroleum Income Tax Law sets it at 50%, which need to be modified according to the contracts. The government can be entitled to get additional payment if the returns on projects are more than expected. Government can put other taxes and fees like surface rental fees and withholding taxes on subcontractors. The rules for cost containment, cost recovery and deduction should be clearly mentioned in the fiscal regime and can be changed according to the changes in the cost structure. The petroleum agreement needs to provide some protection to the companies in case of changes in the tax regime so that they are stabilised in their operation. As the contractors make all the arrangement for raising funds for exploration and production, the State should provide some assistance in terms of subsidised interest rates. According to Bellorin (2012), the key features of a fiscal regime that is important to the investors and government are stability, progressivity, flexibility and neutrality. The oil price being highly volatile, the contractors need the stability clause of the regime to be properly designed by giving importance to freezing clause and equilibrium clause. The freezing clause removes arbitrary changes in fiscal regime and equilibrium clause helps to reduce the shock of price changes. Two sections of stability provisions of Ghanas Model Petroleum Agreement states that: Article 12.2 with respect to income tax states: Where a new income tax rate comes into force Contractor shall have the option of either applying the new income tax rate or remaining under the Petroleum Income Tax Law.Article 12.11 also states: Should the fiscal authority involved determine that the Petroleum Income Tax Law does not impose a creditable tax, the parties agree to negotiate in good faith with a view to establishing a credible tax on the precondition that no adverse effect should occur to the economic rights of the State (Ankamah, 2012). According to Amponsah and Dartey (2012), flexibility and neutrality of fiscal regime helps the contractors to gain confidence and continuing investment in the gas field. Risk sharing is another part that needs to be handling properly. The risk is at every level, production; exploration and price .The production level risk need to be shared by the government and private players to reduce the cost risk and by providing cost recovery allowances. Further, Makkam (2014), cited that Steps should be taken to state clearly the rules for transfer pricing. It plays an important role in managing risk from volatility of prices. Further, the Additional Oil Entitlement (AOE) should tie to profitability if it is to help to make the tax system progressive and ideal The government of Ghana revenue from petroleum sector is shown in the statistics below for the period 2011 to 2013 budget Taxes 2011 2012 2013 Consumer taxes -- -- -- Petroleum tax 146 181 218.50 Producer taxes -- -- -- Oil royalties 63.4 90.6 92.1 Surface rentals -- 0.3 0.3 Income tax -- -- 35.8 Government of Ghana carried and participatory interest 165.8 234.5 238.5 Table 1: Government revenue from Petroleum sector, 2011-13 (Source: Mofep.gov.gh 2016) The table 1 shows the revenue generated by the petroleum sector for the government in 2011-13. It has increased over the period with prudent fiscal regime. However, the corporate profit level should be also taken care off in the development of future fiscal regime and some flexibility in the tax structure should be implemented. The paper thus discusses the formation of the future fiscal regime that maximises the revenue of the corporate and the government uniformly. References Amponsah-Tawiah, K. and Dartey-Baah, K. (2012). Towards an Accident Free Energy Regime in Ghana. IBR, 5(11). Ankamah, S. (2012). The Politics of Fiscal Decentralization in Ghana: An Overview of the Fundamentals. PAR, 1(1). Bellorin Nunez, C. (2012). Colombia's regulatory and fiscal hydrocarbons regime: explaining Colombia's success and the challenges ahead. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 5(3), pp.248-260. Burger, P. and Marinkov, M. (2012). Fiscal rules and regime-dependent fiscal reaction functions. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 12(1), pp.1-29. Elmas, F. and Songur, M. (2016). Ricardian Fiscal Regime and Fiscal Theory of the Price Level: The European Monetary System. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 27(98), p.203. Kankam, D. and Ackah, I., 2014. The Optimal Petroleum Fiscal Regime for Ghana: An Analysis of Available Alternatives. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(3), p.400. Loloh, F. (2012). Ghana: Fiscal Policy Responsiveness, Persistence and Discretion. SSRN Electronic Journal. Mittnik, S. and Semmler, W. (2012). Regime dependence of the fiscal multiplier. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 83(3), pp.502-522. Mofep.gov.gh. (2016). Ministry of Finance - Government of Ghana. [online] Available at: https://www.mofep.gov.gh/ [Accessed 12 Jul. 2016]. Owusu, K. and Waylen, P. (2012). Identification of historic shifts in daily rainfall regime, Wenchi, Ghana. Climatic Change.