The Importance Of Female Heroism Through The Epic Of Beowulf

Beowulf is known for displaying the importance of male heroism via Beowulf, but what about the significance of the women in the poem? The significance of women in Beowulf is overshadowed by the great heroism of the character Beowulf, but the women each have a reason for participating in the epic. The ideal woman was someone who was a noble, a mistress and loyal. An ideal woman is described in Maxim I: â€Å"at mead drinking she must at all times and places approach the protector of princes first, in front of the companions, quickly pass the first cup to her lord’s hand†. The significance of women in Beuwolf is a minor detail in the epic, but proves to be vital to Beuwolf. The epic of Beowulf illustrates three major roles for the women in†¦show more content†¦According to Michael J. Enright, because of this she is seen as â€Å"an extension of and a support of his kingly power†[3]. Then, she passes it to the rest of the knights, and finally to Beowulf. He promises to get rid of Grendel, and Wealhtheow, pleased with his words, returns to her seat. He is the last man to receive the cup because he is a newcomer, a foreigner that just arrived to Heorot. Because of this, Hrothgar needs to show his power, by receiving the goblet first, in the presence of the stranger Beowulf. This act makes Beowulf aware of who is the master of the place. When Wealhtheow offers the cup to the king first, as usual, and right after that to Beowulf. Since he kept his promise and killed Grendel, he has risen in status now. He has the honour to receive the mead cup right after the king, in representation of his newly earned status. The other hostess-queen is the young and beautiful Hygd, king Hygelac’s wife., she is contrasted in the poem with the legendary queen Modthryth and her innate cruelty and wickedness; because of her gentleness and kindness The importance of order in the distribution of the cup is present again in Hygd’s first appearance (1980-83): â€Å"Hà ¦reth’s daughter moved through the spacious building with mead-cups, cared for the people, carried flagons ofShow MoreRelatedRole Of Women In Beowulf1039 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the novel Beowulf, women can be looked at as unimportant, but from Campbell’s excerpt one can see how the role of women in Beowulf is as essential as the role of men. Throughout the course of Beowulf, many men take part in acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice, but what many do not notice is the roles women have taking part in those same actions. Although women’s acts of protection, bravery, and sacrifice in this novel seem to be minor and not as celebrated as the men’s acts, theyRead MoreMlan Vs Mulan790 Words   |  4 PagesUsually, an epic hero consists of being a male (female) of noble birth, courageous, actions determine the fate of a g roup, and some tend to have â€Å"supernatural† powers. There’s an article called â€Å"Beowulf versus Batman† that describes the type of modern culture where an Epic hero is described to be a leader whom has the authority and passion that is more substantial than ours. However, nowadays the modern-day heroes contribute to more than few of these preferences. In addition, we all have witnessedRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Literature Was Composed Between The Years 6501510 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween the years 650 and 1110. Beowulf is one of the most famous epics written during this time. It’s also known as the oldest surviving Germanic epic and the longest Old English poem. Most stories written during this time were about the deeds of warriors, heroic acts, and religion. Beowulf is a warrior from the Geats who is asked to come protect king Hrothgar from an attack by a sea monster named Grendel. All of these characters are men. There are very few epics from this ti me that put any focusRead MoreBeowulf And The Germanic Heroic Code Of Values, Traditions, And Customs1522 Words   |  7 Pagesreflects upon daily life and society during the time that the story was composed. Beowulf, an epic poem, is one of the most important and only works of Anglo-Saxon literature. Much like a fable, the epic poem of Beowulf had lessons that taught the people within this society how to behave. This essay will outline how the importance of Christianity and the Germanic Heroic Code in Beowulf are revealed throughout the epic poem as important aspects of the Anglo-Saxon culture as a whole. The Germanic warriorRead MoreEssay about Role of Women in the Epic of Beowulf1585 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Women in Beowulf As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulfs importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the meadhall. Wealhtheow

The Anti Heroes Of Truman Capote s Cold Blood Are Perry...

There are many novels wherein the main character in an anti-hero. Anti-heroes are the twisted versions of wholesome protagonists; protagonists have pure ideals and motives, while an anti-hero’s end motives usually justify the morally grey means that he or she achieved them by. The readers of such novels usually root for the seemingly villainous protagonist, this â€Å"anti-hero†. The anti-heros in Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood are Perry Smith and Dick Hickock. These two men are reported to be cold blooded killers in this nonfiction novel, and yet many readers root for these anti-heroes, thanks to Capote’s retelling of events. Truman Capote attempts to humanizes these killers by sharing their pasts with the reader, which trigger sympathy or hatred, depending on how Capote portrays them In order to humanize the killers, Capote gives background stories on their lives, which trigger sympathy in Perry’s case. Perry first reads a letter from his father to the Kansas State Parole Board, written the first time Perry was held in Lansing, for larceny, theft, and jailbreak. Perry’s father writes about how Perry’s mother fell to drinking and split the family, and how Perry had to live moving from city to city, hunting and trapping. Perry’s father Tex John Smith writes â€Å"How well I know that Perry is goodhearted if you treat him rite. Treat him mean and you got a buzz saw to fight†¦ He knows life is to short to sweet to spend behind bars ever again† (Capote 130). This letter humanizes

Challenges in Cyber Security for Business - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theChallenges in Cyber Security for Business for Mechanisms. Answer: Introduction Cybersecurity is a term that includes the mechanisms that are adopted to prevent the computer systems and computer networks from the cyber attacks. In the present times, there are many concerns to security that have been recorded and observed. Also, there are various challenges that have been observed in the areas of implementation of the security protocols along with the maintenance of the same. A research proposal on the project to overcome these security challenges has been included in the document. Project Objectives Identification of the major cyber-attacks and challenges to cyber security Assessment of the cyber-attacks and security issues with the aid of three case studies Development and understanding of the solutions and measures that may be taken to prevent the attacks Project Scope Finalization of the topic of research Completion of the literature review on the topic Research proposal on the topic as Challenges in Cyber Security for Business Submission of the reflective journal on the research process Literature Review The challenges and security issues in association with cyber security are abundant. Lancope, an organization that has been taken over by Cisco works in the area of cyber security solutions and countermeasures. There are certain common issues and threats that the organization has developed the countermeasures for. However, with each passing day, the form of these attacks keeps on changing. Some of the advanced forms of the attacks such as Advanced Persistent Threats and many more are carried out by the attackers. The real-time attacks and threats are difficult to control and prevent. There are analytics, Business Intelligence and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) tools that are being used by Lancope for threat identification and prevention. There are still implementation issues that have been observed in case of Lancope in terms of the speed of the flow sensors and the enhanced complexity as well (Rohde-Schwarz, 2016). The issues and problems associated with cyber security have been analyzed and identified in the hospitality industry as well. There were five hotels in Reno, Nevada that were scrutinized on the basis of the practices that they have adapted to deal with cyber-attacks. There were various gaps that were found in terms of the security practices and protocols that were implemented. The members of staff were not aware about the possible risks and attacks and there were various cases of information breaches and leakage that were observed. The use of cyber systems and platforms is abundant in the hospitality industry and such loopholes in security provide an invitation to the attackers to easily fulfill their malevolent motives. The administrative control and the monitoring process were also not up to the mark (Shabani, 2016). Because of these issues, there is a poor impact on the customers and clients that are engaged with the hotels. The third case study involved the analysis of security framework for Ontario Local Distribution Company (LDCO). It is a company that works in the field of electricity and provides associated services to the users and clients. LDCO is a technically advanced firm that involves latest technologies such as smart connections and Internet of Things. Asset management and vulnerability management are some of the major issues that have been observed in LDCO. Also, there is a lack of monitoring of the security schemes and protocols that lead to the presence of a lot many weaknesses (Herzog, 2011). In the literature review that was carried out, the primary issues that were observed were in the form of lack of awareness and control, inability to manage the assets and the use of obsolete technologies. It is because of these reasons that the attackers find it easy to target the desired system and impact the security of the same in a negative manner. There were also issues that were observed in terms of the management of the changes along with the problems with the implementation of the security strategies and protocols (Sharma, 2012). Research Questions Primary Question What are the possible measures that may be implemented to prevent, detect and control the cyber security challenges and issues? Secondary Questions What architectural and infrastructural changes are required to deal with the cyber-security challenges? What are the latest technical tools and systems that have been developed to avoid the cyber-attacks? What are the major gaps in terms of the employees and users that enhance the likelihood of these attacks? Research Design and Methodology The research on the topic as Challenges in Cyber Security for Business will be carried out using a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative Research This is the research methodology in which will include the first step as the preparation of the research. A research topic is finalized followed by listing down of the research questions as included in the section above in the form of primary and secondary questions. A literature review is carried out as the next step which has been done by including review of three case studies to understand the security challenges and issues. It is also important to understand and analyze if the research questions can be answered using qualitative method of research. In this case, it is possible to answer most of the research question using this methodology. Sampling and determination of the sample size is the next step. In case of the qualitative research, the sample sizes are kept relatively small. There are research methodologies such as case study research, action research and grounded theory that will be applied on the samples (Farber, 2006). There will be various data collection processes that will be used in this case such as conduction of surveys, analysis of the organizational documents and case studies, interview sessions and direct observation. These processes will bring forward the cyber security risks specific to the risk categories and will also highlight the associated impact and likelihood. The data will then be analyzed using data analytics tools and techniques such as coding, descriptive analysis and narrative analysis. The results will then be documented. Quantitative Research This is the research method which is based upon the numerical data or may be used to transform the information in the form of usable statistics. The sample sizes in this method of research are normally larger and quantification of the opinions, variables and behaviors are done. Measurable data is collected in this case for fact-finding and uncovering the patterns that are involved. Research process includes the preparation of the research along with conduction of the literature review (Fischler, 2010). Large sample sizes are then used to carry out the research by using data collection methods for collection of measurable data. The data is then collected and analyzed using the research instruments to come up to the results. Research Limitations There are scenarios wherein the organizations that have become victim of the cyber-attacks in the past, do not share the information and provide the data to carry out the research. It is because of the reason that the information that is impacted and the damage that is caused remain private to certain internal members of the organization (Reddy, 2014). There are also newer forms of cyber-security challenges that are being created and executed every day which makes it difficult to cover and analyze all the issues in complete detail. Time Schedule Research Plan Task Name Duration Start Finish Challenges in Cyber Security for Business 61 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 10/17/17 Research Initiation 6 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 8/1/17 Selection of the research topic 1 day Tue 7/25/17 Tue 7/25/17 Feasibility Analysis 2 days Wed 7/26/17 Thu 7/27/17 Determination of the results 1 day Fri 7/28/17 Fri 7/28/17 Presentation of the topic 1 day Mon 7/31/17 Mon 7/31/17 Submission of the topic 1 day Tue 8/1/17 Tue 8/1/17 Milestone One: Research Topic 0 days Tue 8/1/17 Tue 8/1/17 Research Planning 5 days Wed 8/2/17 Tue 8/8/17 Research scope and objectives 2 days Wed 8/2/17 Thu 8/3/17 Research Questions to be Answered 1 day Fri 8/4/17 Fri 8/4/17 Determination of the Research Methodology 1 day Mon 8/7/17 Mon 8/7/17 Research Plan 1 day Tue 8/8/17 Tue 8/8/17 Milestone Two: Research Plan 0 days Tue 8/8/17 Tue 8/8/17 Research Execution 41 days Tue 7/25/17 Tue 9/19/17 Literature Review 6 days Wed 8/9/17 Wed 8/16/17 Research Proposal 10 days Thu 8/17/17 Wed 8/30/17 Sampling Methods 7 days Thu 8/31/17 Fri 9/8/17 Identification of Data Sources 3 days Tue 7/25/17 Thu 7/27/17 Data Collection 7 days Mon 9/11/17 Tue 9/19/17 Milestone Three: Literature Review and Research Proposal 0 days Tue 9/19/17 Tue 9/19/17 Data Analysis 16 days Wed 9/20/17 Wed 10/11/17 Analysis of the data collected 12 days Wed 9/20/17 Thu 10/5/17 Compilation of the results 2 days Fri 10/6/17 Mon 10/9/17 Documentation of the results 2 days Tue 10/10/17 Wed 10/11/17 Milestone Four: Data Analysis Results 0 days Wed 10/11/17 Wed 10/11/17 Research Presentation 4 days Thu 10/12/17 Tue 10/17/17 Review of the Research 1 day Thu 10/12/17 Thu 10/12/17 Incorporation of Changes 2 days Fri 10/13/17 Mon 10/16/17 Presentation of the results 1 day Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Final Submission 1 day Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Milestone Five: Completion Report 0 days Tue 10/17/17 Tue 10/17/17 Conclusion Cyber-security has emerged as a prime area of concern for the business units and the users. There is a need to determine the major issues and risks that are associated with cyber security and develop the methods that may be applied in order to deal with these risks. It is also necessary to ensure that the users are made aware about the possible risks and threats so that the issues are prevented and controlled (Babate, 2015). References Babate, A. (2015). State of Cyber Security: Emerging Threats Landscape. [online] Available at: https://www.ijarcst.com/doc/vol3issue1/ver2/alhaji.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Farber, N. (2006). Conducting Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for School Counselors. [online] Available at: https://www.schoolcounselor.org/asca/media/asca/Data%20Specialist/Farber.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Fischler, A. (2010). Quantitative Research Methods. [online] Available at: https://education.nova.edu/Resources/uploads/app/35/files/arc_doc/quantitative_research_methods.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Herzog, S. (2011). Revisiting the Estonian Cyber Attacks: Digital Threats and Multinational Responses. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(2), pp.49-60. Reddy, G. (2014). A Study of Cyber Security Challenges and Its Emerging Trends on Latest Technologies. [online] Available at: https://iet-journals.org/archive/2014/jan_vol_4_no_1/872825138167247.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Rohde-Schwarz (2016). Lancope accelerates security performance and time-to-market with Dell, RohdeSchwarz Cybersecurity Napatech. [online] Available at: https://cybersecurity.rohde-schwarz.com/sites/default/files/download/casestudy_lancope_misc_en_3607-2390-32_v0201.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Shabani, N. (2016). A Study of Cyber Security in Hospitality Industry - Threats and Countermeasures: Case Study in Reno, Nevada. [online] Available at: https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1705/1705.02749.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017]. Sharma, R. (2012). Study of Latest Emerging Trends on Cyber Security and its challenges to Society. [online] Available at: https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Study-of-Latest-Emerging-Trends-on-Cyber-Security-and-its-challenges-to-Society.pdf [Accessed 30 Aug. 2017].

Petroleum Contracts and Economics

Question: Discuss about the Petroleum Contracts and Economics. Answer: Ghana is a fastest moving growing economy in Sub-Sahara Africa due to its rising gas and oil industry. The earning from the gas and oil industry depends on the type of fiscal regime government operates. The revenue earned from hydrocarbon exploitation largely depends on the fiscal regime characteristics of a country (Mofep.gov.gh 2016). The fiscal regime of petroleum refers to the contractual framework and fiscal instruments that explains the countrys wealth share obtained from the production of petroleum through a number of instruments, like, profit oil, royalties, bonuses, taxes and government participating interest. According to Elmas and Songur (2016), several factors are considered while designing the fiscal regime, out of which, the key factor is the development of the countrys petroleum industry. The countries with developed oil producers gives higher share to government through the fiscal regime compared to the countries where there are few discoveries and where there are sti ll few investments. Further, fiscal regimes are influenced by geological condition of the area and the contractual policy framework that governs the activities of petroleum industry. As opined by Loloh (2012), the strategies that can be chosen to frame the petroleum production policy framework are first as Go-it-alone strategy where the state itself produce through a national oil company, like in Saudi Arabia. Second, the state gives private ownership and the oil companies have full control over their operations, like in OECD countries.Third, a partnership between the state and private players to undertake production which is generally adopted by non-OECD oil producing countries, for example, Ghana government policy follows this option. The different types of world fiscal arrangements are discussed here. In case of go-it-alone strategy, the state undertakes all the risk of production and exploration. The entire profit is accrued to the state without any requirement of fiscal regime as there are no private companies. According to Mittnik and Semmler (2012), in case of total private control, the risk of production and exploration are bear by them and the state take can be through different mixture of income tax, lease sales and special petroleum tax and royalties through concessionary royalty or tax system. In case of partnership between the state and private players the degree of risk of development, production and exploration are shared by them through a Production Sharing Contract (PSC) or Risk Service Contract (RSC). IN PSC, the ownership is with the State and the private companies are contracted to develop and extract resource in return for a share of production. Each takes the share after meeting the cost. As opined by Owusu and Waylen (2012), in RSC, the private companies are given a fee for the service which can be either in monetary terms or in kinds by the government to undertake the operations of petroleum. The fee can be fixed or linked to the profit. Ghana oil and gas industry follows a partnership between the state and the private players and so the most appropriate type of fiscal regime will be Production Sharing Contract or Risk Service Contract. More appropriate will be PSC that will develop the contractual agreement in the upstream petroleum industry. According to Burger and Marinkov (2012), the Petroleum Exploration and Production Law explain the terms and condition of fiscal regime. The points that should be considered in fiscal regime are given below: The percentage of royalty on the total crude oil production should vary in different blocks and should not be fixed. The interest received by the State on the contract area should be fixed and not to be exceeded beyond 10% as the risk of exploration and production is totally borne by the private companies. If the State desires to earn additional interest then they need to take the responsibility of cost during the production and development stage which varies for different contracts. As per the opinion of Kankam and Ackah (2014), the petroleum income tax should be decided based on the contracts and need to be lower than the corporate profit tax rate. However, by default the Petroleum Income Tax Law sets it at 50%, which need to be modified according to the contracts. The government can be entitled to get additional payment if the returns on projects are more than expected. Government can put other taxes and fees like surface rental fees and withholding taxes on subcontractors. The rules for cost containment, cost recovery and deduction should be clearly mentioned in the fiscal regime and can be changed according to the changes in the cost structure. The petroleum agreement needs to provide some protection to the companies in case of changes in the tax regime so that they are stabilised in their operation. As the contractors make all the arrangement for raising funds for exploration and production, the State should provide some assistance in terms of subsidised interest rates. According to Bellorin (2012), the key features of a fiscal regime that is important to the investors and government are stability, progressivity, flexibility and neutrality. The oil price being highly volatile, the contractors need the stability clause of the regime to be properly designed by giving importance to freezing clause and equilibrium clause. The freezing clause removes arbitrary changes in fiscal regime and equilibrium clause helps to reduce the shock of price changes. Two sections of stability provisions of Ghanas Model Petroleum Agreement states that: Article 12.2 with respect to income tax states: Where a new income tax rate comes into force Contractor shall have the option of either applying the new income tax rate or remaining under the Petroleum Income Tax Law.Article 12.11 also states: Should the fiscal authority involved determine that the Petroleum Income Tax Law does not impose a creditable tax, the parties agree to negotiate in good faith with a view to establishing a credible tax on the precondition that no adverse effect should occur to the economic rights of the State (Ankamah, 2012). According to Amponsah and Dartey (2012), flexibility and neutrality of fiscal regime helps the contractors to gain confidence and continuing investment in the gas field. Risk sharing is another part that needs to be handling properly. The risk is at every level, production; exploration and price .The production level risk need to be shared by the government and private players to reduce the cost risk and by providing cost recovery allowances. Further, Makkam (2014), cited that Steps should be taken to state clearly the rules for transfer pricing. It plays an important role in managing risk from volatility of prices. Further, the Additional Oil Entitlement (AOE) should tie to profitability if it is to help to make the tax system progressive and ideal The government of Ghana revenue from petroleum sector is shown in the statistics below for the period 2011 to 2013 budget Taxes 2011 2012 2013 Consumer taxes -- -- -- Petroleum tax 146 181 218.50 Producer taxes -- -- -- Oil royalties 63.4 90.6 92.1 Surface rentals -- 0.3 0.3 Income tax -- -- 35.8 Government of Ghana carried and participatory interest 165.8 234.5 238.5 Table 1: Government revenue from Petroleum sector, 2011-13 (Source: Mofep.gov.gh 2016) The table 1 shows the revenue generated by the petroleum sector for the government in 2011-13. It has increased over the period with prudent fiscal regime. However, the corporate profit level should be also taken care off in the development of future fiscal regime and some flexibility in the tax structure should be implemented. The paper thus discusses the formation of the future fiscal regime that maximises the revenue of the corporate and the government uniformly. References Amponsah-Tawiah, K. and Dartey-Baah, K. (2012). Towards an Accident Free Energy Regime in Ghana. IBR, 5(11). Ankamah, S. (2012). The Politics of Fiscal Decentralization in Ghana: An Overview of the Fundamentals. PAR, 1(1). Bellorin Nunez, C. (2012). Colombia's regulatory and fiscal hydrocarbons regime: explaining Colombia's success and the challenges ahead. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 5(3), pp.248-260. Burger, P. and Marinkov, M. (2012). Fiscal rules and regime-dependent fiscal reaction functions. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 12(1), pp.1-29. Elmas, F. and Songur, M. (2016). Ricardian Fiscal Regime and Fiscal Theory of the Price Level: The European Monetary System. Ekonomik Yaklasim, 27(98), p.203. Kankam, D. and Ackah, I., 2014. The Optimal Petroleum Fiscal Regime for Ghana: An Analysis of Available Alternatives. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 4(3), p.400. Loloh, F. (2012). Ghana: Fiscal Policy Responsiveness, Persistence and Discretion. SSRN Electronic Journal. Mittnik, S. and Semmler, W. (2012). Regime dependence of the fiscal multiplier. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 83(3), pp.502-522. Mofep.gov.gh. (2016). Ministry of Finance - Government of Ghana. [online] Available at: https://www.mofep.gov.gh/ [Accessed 12 Jul. 2016]. Owusu, K. and Waylen, P. (2012). Identification of historic shifts in daily rainfall regime, Wenchi, Ghana. Climatic Change.

Human Trafficking and the Trauma It Leaves Behind

Introduction Human trafficking is one of the oldest forms of trade in the world’s history. According to Snajdr (2013), in the United States, most of the Black immigrants who came to the country during the colonial era were actually victims of human trafficking. During that time, slave trade was a legal booming business in various parts of the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Trafficking and the Trauma It Leaves Behind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These immigrants were sent to work in the agricultural fields, industrial sector, or carry to out the domestic duties. However, the United States helped in championing for the abolition of slave trade. After years of struggle, slave trade became an illegal business. Human trafficking became less common in the society as people started appreciating that no human being should be subjected to any form of slavery. Walker (2011) says that human trafficking has remained a problem and the authorities in many countries are yet to find the most appropriate way of addressing it. Although it is illegal, the practitioners have found ways of trafficking people from one location to another for selfish interests. Most of the victims of human trafficking in the current society are women. They are kidnapped and sent to various brothels within the United States to meet the sexual needs of the patrons. Some of the victims find themselves in the pornographic industry. Others are confined in homes to serve various needs of their patrons. It is important to note that these women are forced into these vices against their wishes, where most of them are physically abused by their patrons. In this paper, the researcher will look at human trafficking and the trauma it leaves behind. Understanding Human Trafficking Human trafficking is taking a new form in the contemporary world where slave trade is an illegal business. Unlike in the past where men were the most preferred ‘commodity of trade’ because of the physical strength to work in the fields, in the modern society, women form the most valuable ‘commodity’ in this inhumane business.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women from all over the world are kidnapped under various contexts, transported to the rich countries such as the United States or Europe, and forced into practices that they would otherwise avoid if given a choice. The adult entertainment industry has largely been blamed for fuelling this form of trade. In many large hotels, the need for young models to serve various interests of the male patrons is on the rise. Many night clubs and brothels are full of young girls who have been forced into the industry against their own wishes. They are kidnapped, taken to these institutions, and told to choose either to die or cooperate b y serving the interests of their masters. According to Snajdr (2013), some of these patrons would subject the girls who refuse to cooperate to a lot of pain and sufferings to intimidate them and their friends so that they may do as instructed. Many girls have died in the hands of their captors because of inhuman treatment. Those who accept the demands of their masters are not lucky either. Most of them are forced into relationships with people as old as, or even older than their parents. In such circumstances, they are subjected to all sorts of pain as they meet the demands of these old men. It is important to note that some of these girls are as young as 14 or 15 years. These are young girls who have not had such relationships before. Some of them get sexually transmitted diseases while in the industry. The unlucky are infected with human immunodeficiency virus. According to a report by Anand and Gandhi (2008), the ordeal that these people go through is really bad. When these young girls get pregnant while in the hands of their captives, an eventuality that is very common, very crude methods are used to terminate the pregnancy.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Human Trafficking and the Trauma It Leaves Behind specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In some strange cases, these young girls are forced to carry the pregnancy to term because of the reasons known only to their captors. Their masters are not concerned about the need to take care of such pregnant young girls. They do not get any prenatal care in their entire pregnancy period. Once they given birth, in case they are lucky enough to have a successful birth, then the child is always taken away from their mother immediately to a place only known to these masters. The mother is given a short period to heal before getting back to the business. Those who are unlucky die while giving birth due to various complications. Other victims of kidnapping find themselves in private homes serving the rich members of our society. In such homes, these girls are forced to undertake various house hold chores from morning to evening. They are not allowed to get out of these big mansions. Sexual abuses are also common in such homes, especially for the ladies who find themselves serving the divorced or single men. They face constant physical abuses from the masters who are very demanding. In the past, it was believed that the United States was the destination market in human trafficking business. Most of the victims came from other parts of the developing nations. However, this is no longer the case. According to Getu (2006), young girls are now facing the danger of being kidnapped and held hostage in their own countries. Cases have been reported of girls who go missing while they go shopping. The traffickers are keen to identify the young ladies travelling alone. They entice them and lead them to destinations where they are fina lly taken captives. Others are hijacked while along the road. This trend is becoming common in the country and it knows no social boundaries. Any attractive young lady is at risk of being kidnapped by these individuals, whether they come from poor or rich families.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Young girls from poor families have suffered the most because they do not have security details around them to offer them protection from these criminals. They are easy targets. The kidnapers also know that parents of such girls lack the financial capacity to hire private detectives to help in the investigations. Although some of the girls still come from countries such as India, South America, Middle East and Africa, the local American girls are now at more risks than ever before. The kidnappers consider the American girls to be easy targets because they do not have to spend a lot of money in transportation. Trauma of Human Trafficking Human trafficking leaves behind trauma that may completely change the lives of the victims. As mentioned above, most of the victims of human trafficking are young girls below 18 years. They are always taken away from the society at an age when they are very hopeful in life. When they disappear, their parents, friends and other family members are alwa ys subjected to a lot of trauma. Walker (2011) says that it is very painful for parents to realize that they have lost their children under very unclear circumstances. When they realize that their children have become victims of human trafficking, they become stressful as they try to find a solution out of the situation. Some of them become seriously depressed, especially when it becomes clear that finding their children is almost impossible. The victims themselves face a lot of trauma in their captivity. Those who are subjected to hard labor at various premises are always worried about how their masters will treat them. They suffer from beatings and physical abuses. For those who find themselves in the adult entertainment industry, the trauma is always worse. The old patrons prefer young girls because of psychological reasons. These young girls remind them of their youth when they were very energetic. This means that these victims have to meet the constant demands of these patrons. The way they are treated is very inhuman. The girls who are lucky enough to escape from these pits of death are left with serious trauma as they try to recall the ordeal they underwent. The memory of hardships, suffering, pain, intimidation, and constant abuses remain very clear in their minds. According to Lobert (2015), such victims would develop deeply rooted mistrust towards men. When they come back, the society will never be normal to them. They remember the abuses at the hands of their captors and this make them view the world differently. When these victims remember their fellow captives who died very painful deaths, the unsafe and painful abortions conducted by the inexperienced brutal individuals, and the relationships with people older than their parents, the pain sometimes become unbearable. According to Wellstone and Ritchie (2008), the trauma may require a prolonged psychotherapy in order to make these victims feel normal again. They may need counseling for a very long period. The parents may also need counseling, especially those who develop the self-hate because of the feeling that they failed to protect their children. How to Work with and Help the Victims According to Anand and Gandhi (2008), we need to understand how to handle the victims who are lucky enough to escape from their captors. The last thing they need from us is sympathy or any blame because of something they did or failed to do that led to their kidnapping. It does not matter if they were held captive for hours, days or years. What matters is that they are received back to the society with open arms, and subjected to psychotherapy to help restore normalcy in their minds without developing undue suspicion to anyone who gets close to them. Getu (2006) says that the first step should be to listen to these victims and encourage them to talk about their experiences as much as possible to the counselors and people they trust. Talking about these experiences lifts the weight of the ord eal off their shoulders. It reduces the pain in their hearts. In this process, the counselor should be keen to understand the pain and experiences the victim went through. Of interest should be the incidences that were painful. The counselor should then address these issues by explaining about why these people abused them. The counselor should be able to explain why the men who patronize these clubs abused these young girls. This should be done in a way that will not make them develop mistrust to all men. They should remember to explain to them how their fathers, brothers, uncles, and male friends suffered and struggled to look for them. This will make them feel that not all men are as evil as those who subjected them to pain. Conclusion The analysis above clearly demonstrates that human trafficking is a reality that we should be ready to face. Young girls get kidnapped and sent to facilities where they are subjected to painful experiences. The society should know how to handle thes e victims of human trafficking once they escape from these facilities. They should be helped so that they can lead normal lives in the society. References Anand, A. S., Gandhi, M. (2008). Justice for Women: Concerns and expressions. New Delhi: Universal Law Pub. Company. Getu, M. (2006). Human Trafficking and Development: The Role of Microfinance. Feminist Studies, 23(3), 142-156. Lobert, A. (2015). Fallen: Out of the sex industry and into the arms of the Savior. Brentwood: Worthy Publishing. Snajdr, E. (2013). Beneath the master narrative: human trafficking, myths of sexual slavery and ethnographic realities. Journal of Law and Society, 37(2), 229-256. Walker, D. (2011). God in a brothel: An undercover journey into sex trafficking and rescue. Downers Grove: IVP Books. Wellstone, P. Ritchie, M. (2008). Wellstone: Conscience of the Senate: the collected floor speeches of Senator Paul Wellstone. St. Cloud: North Star Press of St. Cloud, Inc. This research paper on Human Trafficking and the Trauma It Leaves Behind was written and submitted by user Terrell Huber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

20 Debate Speech Topics on Animal Experimentation

20 Debate Speech Topics on Animal Experimentation In the previous guide we explored animal experimentation and revealed some very disturbing facts. Study our 10 facts on animal experimentation for a debate speech in detail to find out various arguments regarding the disgraced research community. Sadly, after the completion of these experimentations, the animals used are euthanized. Majority of these small test subjects are purpose-bred. Due to the ever growing existence of organizations such as PETA and BUAV, the medical community is under heavy pressure to find alternatives to animal experimentation such as sophisticated computer models. To help you narrow down your debate area, here are 20 topics which you can select from. Number of Animals Used for Experimentation Trends and Public Opinion Towards Animal Rights History of Vaccines Developed Through Animal Experimentation Failure of Mouse Diabetes Model Differences Between Human and Animal Immunology Inconclusive Research of Spinal Cord Injury Recovery from Animal Experimentation Failure of Research Gained from Animal Experimentation in Neurological Diseases Suffering of Animals During Medical Procedures Psychological Effects On Animals Due to Confinement Health and Sanitary Condition of Laboratories of Animal Experimentation Types of Traumatic Injuries Inflicted During Animal Experimentation Military Animal Experiments What Methods Are Implemented on Animals During Induced Helplessness Tests? Planting Electrodes into Eyes and Brains of Animals Case of Self-Mutilation in Animals When Kept in Cages in Laboratories Alternatives to Animal Experimentations Failures of Animal Experimentation in Improving Human Health and Scientific Discovery Epidemiology and Animal Experimentation: Which One Is More Successful? Computer-Based Research Technique in Comparison with Animal Experimentation Virtual Human Trials through Intrinsic Computer Models. We have assisted you with our guide for a debate to help give you a little nudge in the right direction and then we went a step further by giving you direct topics. A large portion of the International community is now questioning the very legitimacy of animal experimentation, appealing to the cruel nature of these experiments, the condition in which the animals are kept and the amount of misleading and inconclusive animal models which have yet to serve the human medical needs. Primarily, the argument against this kind of experimentation is that the animals have the right not to be used and harmed. As always, we aim to exceed your expectation. Here is a sample essay on one of the topics above. Sample Debate Speech: Computer-based Research Technique in Comparison with Animal Experimentation There is a growing number of consensus to reduce or eliminate animal experimentation, that’s why there is a huge school of thought researching to find alternatives. Major alternatives to animal experimentation are vitro cell culture techniques and computer simulation based research. There are some who believe these alternates are not conclusive because these simulations are using data acquired from prior experiments, meaning the data is too old and cells/serums are virtual.   There is another school of thought which believes that animal experimentation can never be replaced because the living system is too complicated to be simulated. Computer simulations can not only replace animal experimentations but they can also help with reducing the cost and speed up the discovery time. While conducting drug tests, the candidates data can be utilized to help improve the virtual models. In 2010, the protein docking algorithm EADock helped find possible inhibitors to particular enzyme affiliated with cancer. Around fifty percent of these molecules were later confirmed to be positively active inhibitors, this discovery happened outside of a human body and in labs. This kind of approach is very different from the costly high-throughput screening robotics labs which and capable of testing huge quantities of complicated compounds in a single day. There are several examples of computer simulations such as the model of asthma. The studies regarding medicines developed using that model needs to go through a lot of careful testing before they are approved to be used by humans and animals. Full sized mannequins are also used for computer simulations to generate data of crashes. These tests are conducted with the use of real time sensors and cameras, ever since the advancement in this field, it has replaced live animal trauma testing in car crashes. The first such establishment began in 1949, known as Sierra Sam, built by Alderson Research Labs of Sierra Engineering. Through the years, the dummies and the monitoring equipment have significantly changed, before live pigs were used as test subjects in crash testing. The military has been using simulators to recreate battlefield scenarios, especially traumas. Systems such as the TraumaMan and the Combat Trauma Patient Simulator have successfully given research analysis on fractures, amputations and hemorrhaging. Before this, animal were used to find out the results of various injuries, but now the success of TraumaMan has made it possible for the medical community to do this without the torture and execution of animals. Human metabolism has also been successfully portrayed through computer models, this has resulted in the study of various plaque related cardiovascular risks. It has also helped the medical community to examine the toxicity of drugs, replacing the drug testing on animals altogether. Not only this, but in 2007, using the world’s most sophisticated computer of that time, a program simulated a mouse’s brain for around 10 seconds. Limitations in computing power of the time brought forth problems in simulation but the fact remains that such simulations are possible. References: Hackam DG, Redelmeier DA. Translation of research evidence from animals to humans. JAMA. 2006;296:1731-1732. Horrobin DF. Modern biomedical research: an internally self consistent universe with little contact with medical reality? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003;2:151-154. Ioannidis JPA. Evolution and translation of research findings: from bench to where? PLoS Clin Trials 2006;1:e36. Langley G, Evans T, Holgate ST, Jones A. Replacing animal experiments: choices, chances, and challenges. BioEssays 2007;29:918-926. Perel P, Roberts I, Sena E, et al. Comparison of treatment effects between animal experiments and clinical trials: systematic review. BMJ 2006;334, 197 (doi:10.1136/bmj.39048.407928.BE). Pound P, Ebrahim S, Sandercock P, Bracken MB, Roberts I. Where is the evidence that animal research benefits humans? BMJ 2004;328:514-517. Watts G. Alternatives to animal experimentation. BMJ 2007;334:182-184.

Managing in a Mixed Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Managing in a Mixed Economy - Essay Example the community being looked at may call for at a certain point in their life such as services of the police, education in school and situations that need emergency services. Fundamentally, the government’s delivery of services revolves around the public goods provision. This is done through the creation of a framework of legal services that stipulates the ownership rules as regards the operation of market and property. For instance, property rights enforcement, putting power abuses to checks as well as the rule of law upholding. That is a framework which works as an umbrella of task and obligations of court, the police as well as the overall corrective services in the process of ensuring law and order. Besides the public goods provision, any given government of a country has to ensure more equitable way of services consumption. These are especially those ones considered by government to end up impacting the public good. Another perspective of ensuring equitable ways of consumption of services is that where spillovers are of public wellbeing such as health services, housing, education, and community and ambulance services. (pc.gov.au, 2009) This is the study which has its focus upon the part played by the government of U.K in public service provision and delivery. To this issue’s focus, the question to be answered by this study will be,† How does the government attempt to manage the performance of public services, and what issues are raised?’’ Examples to support the answer given to this question will also be provided. The approach will try and make the most understandable and comprehensive observation of this in U.K’s perspective. The UK government of 2001 was a reelected government for another term upon a manifesto that said, â€Å"Renewal of public services† (76) It was heard to want to request to be given a third term in office courtesy of its ability to enhance service delivery at a higher level. This is with particular concerns to education,